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Mulai Oktober 2008
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| ICT-Based Media |
Utilization of ICT on Media-Based Learning in Schools
In distance education the Faculty of Medicine, University of Gajah Mada. The interaction of learning at the Masters Program and Masters in Hospital Management Health Services Management is done through electronic mail (e-mail) 75% of students had to answer questions via e-mail. Another example is the use of computer networks at the University of Indonesia (UI). Since 1994, UI has developed information infrastructure known as the University of Indonesia Integrated Network (sweet). Lovely connecting eleven faculties and institutions important in the UI by using optical fiber networks (Sri Hartati, Benny A. et al 1997 in Personal and Rosita, Tita, 2000). 1. Computer Pros Heinich et al. (1986) also revealed some strengths and weaknesses that exist on a computer medium. Application of computers as learning tools provide several advantages. Computers allow students to learn according to ability and speed in understanding the knowledge and information that was presented. The use of computers in the learning process makes the student can control the activity of learning. The use of computers in distance education institutions to provide more flexibility to students to determine the speed of learning and choose the order in accordance with the needs of learning activities. The ability of computers to publish the information required by the user, termed the "patience of the computer", can help students who have a slow learning speed. In other words, the computer can create an effective learning environment for students who are slow (slow learner), but also can boost the effectiveness of learning for students more quickly (fast learner). In addition, the computer can be programmed to be able to provide feedback on learning outcomes and provide the confirmation (reinforcement) to the achievement of students. With the ability of computers to record the results of studying the wearer (record keeping), the computer can be programmed to review and provide learning outcome scores automatically. Computers also can be designed in order to give prescriptions or advice for the students to perform particular learning activities. These capabilities result in a computer can be used as a means for individual learning (individual learning). The excess of the other computer is the ability in integrating components of color, music and animated graphics (animation graphics). This causes the computer able to convey information and knowledge with a high level of realism. This causes the computer program is often used as a tool for learning activities that are simulated. Furthermore, the memory capacity of computers owned by enabling users to resume learning outcomes have been achieved previously. The results of this previous study can be used by students as a basic consideration for subsequent learning activities. Another advantage of the use of computers in the learning process can improve learning outcomes with the use of time and the cost is relatively small. Good example for this is a simulation computer program to conduct experiments on subjects of science and technology. The use of simulation programs can reduce the cost of materials and equipment for conducting experiments. (Benny A. Personal and Tita Rosita, 2002:11-12) 2. Lack Computers Subsequently Benny and Tita (2000) give an explanation. In addition to having several advantages, the computer as a means of interactive communication also has several weaknesses. The first weakness is the high cost of acquiring and developing computer programs, especially those designed specifically for the purpose of learning. In addition, procurement, maintenance, and computer maintenance includes hardware (hardware) and software (the software) requires a relatively high cost. Therefore, consideration of costs and benefits (cost benefit analysis) needs to be done before deciding to use computers for educational purposes. Another problem is compatability and incompability between hardware and software. The use of a computer program usually requires hardware with the appropriate specifications. Software of a computer often can not be used on a computer that is not the same specifications. Besides the two mentioned above, designing and producing computer-based teaching programs (computer-based instruction) is not an easy job. Produce a computer program is an intensive activity that requires a lot of time and specialized expertise. b. Use of Computers for Learning Network Computer network technology / internet to benefit the wearer to communicate directly with other users. This is possible by creating a device called a modem. Computer Network / Internet gives the possibility for participants to make written communication and exchange thoughts about the learning activities they do. Computer networks can be designed in such a way so that lecturers can communicate with students and students can learn to interact with other students. Interaction study by using computer networks not only can be done individually, but also to support group learning activities. Utilization of computer networks in distance education system is also known as Computer Conferencing System (CCF). This system is usually done through electronic mail or E-mail. Some of the excess use of computer networks in distance education system are: to enrich the tutorial models, can solve the learning problem faced by the students in a shorter time and can overcome the barriers of space and time in obtaining the information. CCF provides the possibility for students and lecturers to conduct direct instructional interaction between individuals, individuals with the group, and group by group (Mason, 1994 in Personal A. and Tita Benny Rosita, 2002:13-14) B. Student Creativity 1. Understanding Didmiliki by human creativity since born into the world a fair. Similarly, the teachers, because kreatvitasnya it then someone can actualize itself. Here, especially in the use of instructional media PKN, given the huge role of teachers in shaping the attitudes and mental and intellectual development of children he had. Sudjana Nanda (1987: 20) says that creativity "is a way of enhancing or optimizing or learning activities in the learning process." Influence given by the teacher in his approach with students could be bigger than that owned by his parents. This is caused by an opportunity to stimulate the students and if you want to slow him down more than the parents. Media use by teachers in the learning process, tentumya not be separated from how the teacher teaches. Teachers need to consider guidelines datau PKN philosophy in teaching. It would be beneficial to the achievement of predetermined learning objectives. Samion AR (2001: 4) states that: Philosophy of teaching that must be considered by teachers in cultivating students' creativity is: a. teaching is very important and very enjoyable b. Students should be appreciated and cherished as a unique person c. students should be active learners By considering the opinion of the above and perform optimally, then the teachers in the use of the media must also consider such matters. Media used as a tool can only be a booster for the students. Make it easier to understand the material presented. Thrusters that teachers have a high degree of creative power with the ideals of influence. Ideals here is the center of a variety of needs, which means the needs are usually centered around these ideals. Teachers need possessed ideals in the planning and use of media, because the ideals are here able to position the psychic energy to learn to use the media and also in the use of education. In achieving that goal teachers need to take steps so that student creativity and learning can be successful. Efforts by teacher creativity in creating a child is: a. Define the learning materials and providing the media used in the learning process Learning material is given to the students fill in during the learning process. The materials presented here lead to the goal of teaching students. One way to facilitate the achievement of the objectives of teaching the course using the media where the media have a relationship with the material presented (relevance) b. Implementation of teaching and learning activities Learning activity, certainly has a close relationship with the subject matter. Teachers have the desire to develop their students need to be able to optimize teaching and learning activities. Where the activities carried out by teachers as educators and students as recipients of the material in their interaction in the learning and teaching. Learning activity is connected with the way teachers deliver the subject matter to be understood by students, and children or students receive materials delivered by the teacher. Need to note that student learning is heavily influenced by the activities of teachers. 2. Ability to express Ideas For Students In The realization Creativity In association with creativity Supriadi (1989: 303) says feature of school life that is conducive to the growth of scientific creativity is: a. provides an opportunity for students to safely express ideas. Issued an opinion is a desire to be appreciated by teachers, in order to make the teaching of media PKN not monopolized by the teachers of PKN. Students are involved because it is all learning objectives for student success b. appreciate the achievements of students c. appreciate the student's imagination d. respect the uniqueness of individual students e. provide sources of information adequate for the needs of students f. able to accommodate diverse student interests g. sensitivity training students Students' abilities in their opinions should be valued and how can I make these students have not felt in a growing shortage of creativity, using ICT-based instructional media course students are expected to be able to nurture their creativity with the maximum inherent in them. A child who has a high kretaivitas definitely different with the students who have low krativitas. Students who have high creativity will certainly be able to solve problems quickly and respond to problems that arise. While the low creative students who look less respond to problems in learning. Students who lack creativity will not be able to quickly complete the task, and if the difficulties in making the task of students is too late to ask her reaction to others. C. Use of ICT in the Media-Based Learning Enhance Student Creativity ICT-based instructional media is closely associated with the creativity of children, and children who have the creativity development of children certainly good and able to solve problems well too, and they do not want a protracted dispute, and quickly resolved. Creativity is one's ability to actualize himself in the association and also in learning at school. This in yag expected that with the existence of instructional media or media-based learning using ICT children can be creative and develop the desired result. The characteristics of children who have high creativity by Asep H. Hermawan (997: 50): 1. always wanted to know something right 2. always wanted to change something that already exists 3. trying new things  |
