Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L Merr & Perry), including in the family Myrtaceae and is one of the original Indonesian herbal plants originating from the Moluccas Islands, Notoriety clove and various other types of Indonesian spices the world has known since many centuries ago. Currently demand for such products continues to increase reverse clove production and quality cloves produced tend to continue to decline. As a reference for improving the productivity and quality of cloves, an articulate technical guidelines will be presented clove cultivation. The second episode presents the "Preparation of Clove Plant Materials.
 

II. PREPARATION OF PLANT MATERIAL

To produce good quality seed cloves, plant materials need to be prepared very well early on, starting from the parent tree selection, seed, nursery to nursery.

1. Parent Tree Types and Terms

a. Type mother plant

Cloves are many types cultivated in Indonesia, among others, Zanzibar, Sikotok and Siputih. However, a much favored by society is the kind of Zanzibar because of higher productivity. The characteristics of these three types of cloves as follows:
 

Zanzibar:

· High production.

· Somewhat red-colored flowers with a total pertandan> 15 flowers.

· Pink leaf shoots, leaves, stems and branches deep green with a shiny surface.

· Headers leafy branches do not form an angle so that leaves a lot which is located near the soil surface.

 

Sikotok:

Production · quite high.

· Yellow flowers with a total pertandan> 15 flowers.

· Leaves pink bud, leaf stems and branches red.

· Older leaves are green with a shiny surface.

· Headers physique leafy branches forming angles and leafy.

· Most of the pyramid as an adult.

 

 

Siputih:


              

· Large yellow flowers with a total pertandan <15 flowers.

· Leaf shoots or young leaves, yellow to light green color, stem and bone is yellow-green young leaves, old leaves are green.

· Globular blade large leaves and is not shiny.

· Headers are not shady.

 

b. Parent Tree Requirements

 

In general, generative clove developed through seed obtained from the parent tree that meets the following requirements:

• Healthy.

• Age> 15 years.

• Establish a good crown (closing-tupan canopy> 80%).

• The average continues to rise.

• Away from other types of clove.

• Not protected.

• Branches enough.

• Single main stem.

• Free pest

 

 2. Seed Preparation

The seed that is used has the following criteria:

Seed ripe · fisologis (yellow to purple-black youth) or have been outstanding for nine months.

· Weight 0.85 - 1.1 g.

· No defects.

· No slimy.

· To grow within 3 weeks after sowing.

· No lumpy (which signifies the seed clove leaf infected with smallpox).

 

Before sowing the fruit peel skin to prevent the fermentation that could damage the viability (germination) seeds. Peeling fruit peel done carefully so that seeds were not injured skin.

                                                                                  

Peeling is done by hand or a knife that is not too sharp. After stripping, the seeds were soaked in a bucket of water for ± 24 hours, followed by washing. During laundering stirred and rubbed the seeds in water, by changing the washing water 2-3 times to remove mucus attached to the skin of the seed.

 
3. Seedbed

· Persemaian done to create a condition that is best for the seed can germinate well and clean from pests and diseases. Seedbed requires a loose growing media for seed growth during the two months.

· Prepared beds with 1.2 m width and length adapted to the needs and circumstances where, across the north - south. Distance between beds 30-50 cm. Each bed is limited by the drain water (within 20 cm and width 30 cm) to avoid puddles and facilitate the planting and maintenance.

· The seeds were planted with spacing of 5 x 3 cm with the upper end surface of the soil seed right, should not be reversed, and two or three weeks later the seeds began to germinate.

• To reduce the intensity of sunlight and rain shower, beds were given a roof made of woven bamboo, palm leaves, straw, reeds or paranet that can withstand the intensity of the sun at 75%. The roof should be made with a higher size facing east.

· Land bedengan digemburkan hoe and 20-30 cm deep, if the clay content is too high can be coated sand 3-5 cm thick.

 

Some things to consider when moving to sow seeds and clove seedlings are:

° before planting made a small hole ± 0.8-1.0 cm in diameter, with a range of seeding 5 x 5 cm.

· Seed sowing with a slightly tapered section position is above that then covered the soil with a thickness of 1 cm. Inverted position of the seed which will cause stunted growth and root sprouts become crooked.

• To maintain high humidity seedbed watered two times a day (depending on weather conditions). Watering should not be a direct order not to change positions seeds. To withstand being washed in water splashing seedbed covered with gunny sacks.

· If after 3 weeks of seed still does not grow, should be discarded.

 

4. Planting Seeds

 

Transfer of seedlings from nursery to nursery seedlings can be done after 1-2 months of age or have leafless 4-7 strands.

The selected seedlings have green leaves to dark green shiny.

                      

On the surface there are no leaves Cylindrocladium leaf spot and Gloesporium attacks. In addition, there are no symptoms of smallpox attack leaves caused by fungi Phyllostica sp. At the time of transfer of seedlings cultivated roots are not damaged / broken, and soil / sand embedded in the surface of the roots not to fall out. Planting of seedlings in nurseries can be done by two ways, namely:

a. Jump in bed

· Mode of land equal to seedbed preparation but given the manure as much as ± 20 kg/m2.

· Roofed bed that can hold 50% of incoming sunlight, with a height of 2 m shade east and west of 1.5 m.

· Planting distance 20 x 20 cm (when the seedlings are moved to the garden at the age of one year), and 40 x 40 cm (when the seedlings are moved to the garden after 2 years of age).

· Seeds moved into the garden by way of playing.

° before playback, the land on the bed watered sufficiently.

 

b. Using a poly bag

Prepared media · planting a mixture of soil and manure with a ratio of 2: 1, poly bag size 15 x 20 cm (seedlings until the age of one year) or 20 x 25 cm (seedlings until the age of 2 years), then placed on a regular basis in nurseries with distance 30 x 30 cm or 30 x 40 cm.

 

· Seeding was given shelter in the form of live plants or artificial shade as in nurseries.

· After a 1-2 year old seedlings can be moved to the garden.

 

5. Maintenance seeds

 

Maintenance needs to be done at the nursery include:

· Sprinkling, conducted as necessary and diiusahakan so not too wet.

· Menggemburkan soil around the stems of plants. Penggemburan done carefully so as not to damage the roots.

· Keeping the drainage around the nursery is still good (not water until the puddle).

· Density of shade should be gradually reduced according to the needs and development of seedling age (50% at age 6 months and 40% at age 10 months), to prevent diseases (sooty, brownish yellow leaf spot, leaf spot red-brown) and enhances the growth of seedlings .

· Weeds growing in the nursery disiang net.

· Fertilization given after the 3-4 month-old seedlings using NPK fertilizer (15:15:15) at a dose of 1 g / seed and fertilizing the next four months with a dose of 2 g / seedlings. Can also be added by spraying the leaves with fertilizer doses of 6-8 g / liter of water every two weeks.

Control of pests or diseases · done when there is an attack.

 

6. Selection of seedlings

To get a healthy crop of seedlings should be selected. Some of the criteria used for selection of clove seedlings are:

High · seedlings at least 60 cm (age 1 year) and 90 cm (age 2 years).

· Healthy (not attacked by pests or diseases and nutrient deficiencies).

Having · taproot straight and healthy with ± 45 cm long and 30-35 fruit branch roots.

· Having a single stem.

· Number average of seven pairs of branches, number of leaves and 63 pairs of mature leaves dark green color