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DATA PENGUNJUNG
Mulai Oktober 2008
 | Hari ini | 248 |
 | Kemarin | 1384 |
 | Minggu ini | 11114 |
 | Bulan ini | 32199 |
 | Semua | 881484 |
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| Kinds of Organic materials |
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Various kinds of organic materials Organic material added to the soil, usually in the form of fertilizer. Fertilizer is a natural ingredient that is added to the soil so that soil fertility can be improved. Organic fertilizer is the fertilizer that comes from the nature of the remains of living organisms both plant and the rest of the remaining animals that contain elements of both macro and micro micro needed by plants in order to flourish. Organic fertilizer made from renewable materials, recycled, diombak by soil bacteria into usur elements that can be used by plants, without polluting the soil and water. Fertilizers can be organic liquid fertilizer and solid fertilizer. Liquid fertilizers are usually in the form of a filter from the solid fertilizer. Liquid fertilizer is intended to be easier penggunannya, not containing impurities, and at the same time maintain soil moisture. Fertilizers can be either solid green manure, litter fertilizer, compost, or manure. All will have a positive impact on the ground if the gift to the soil after fertilizer. SOLID FERTILIZER / DRY Green Fertilizer Green fertilizer made from plants or plant parts are buried in the ground. The species is widely used by family Leguminoceae or beans and types of grass (elephant grass). These types can produce more organic material, haranya absorption and have a greater root nodule which helps bind nitrogen from the air. Benefits of green fertilizer use, among others 1. able to improve the structure and texture of soil and water infiltration 2. prevent erosion 3. can help control pests and diseases that come from the soil and weeds if planted on the ground when Bero 4. very useful in areas difficult to reach for the supply of inorganic fertilizers However, green manure also has shortcomings, namely: * Green plants can be a constraint in time, energy, land, and water * Planting pattern using rotation with legume crops can invite pests or disease * May cause competition dngan main crop in the wrought, water and nutrients in intercropping cropping patterns. Seresah fertilizer (dry leaves / the rest of the plant) Fertilizer use seresah is a component of plant waste or unused. For example hay, straw bulbs, grasses blow, corn cob, and others. Fertilizer fertilizer seresah often called for utilization of land cover can be directly, ie ditutupkan on the surface of the soil around the plants (mulch). The role of these fertilizers include: * Can maintain soil moisture, reduce evaporation, water savings * Prevent erosion, surface mulch-covered soil is not easily soluble and water borne * Inhibits the nutrients washing by water and surface flow * Inhibits the growth of weeds * Keep the crumb texture of the soil * Avoid contamination of diseases caused by rain splash * Facilitate the activities of soil micro-organism that helps nourish the soil and humus source Compost Compost is organic material that has experienced weathering, such as straw, reed, rice husk, etc., including animal waste. Actually, green manure and can be considered as seresah compost. But now many specifications of the compost. Usually people prefer to use domestic waste or garbage that comes from growing and renewable materials that are not mixed with metal or plastic. It is also expected to tackle the rubbish heaps and reduces pollution and pollution in urban areas. Manure The farmers used to make and use manure as fertilizer because it is cheap, easy to workmanship, as well as its impact on plants. Use of this fertilizer is a manifestation of agriculture and livestock combination of both is absolutely necessary for the concept of organic agriculture. Manure has the advantage of better properties than other organic fertilizers especially from inorganic fertilizers, namely: * Manure is topsoil contains organic elements that are needed in the soil. Therefore, to maintain the soil structure so easily cultivated and many contain oxygen. The addition of manure can increase the fertility and agricultural poduksi. This disebakan soil can hold more water so that nutrients will be more easily dissolved and absorbed by the hair roots. * Source of macro and micro nutrients in balance which is very important unuk plant growth and development. Micro elements not found in other fertilizers can be provided by manure, for example, S, Mn, Co, Br, etc. * Manure contains many micro-organisms that can assist the formation of humus in the soil and that synthesize certain compounds useful to plants, so that manure is a fertilizer that is needed for soil and plants and their presence in soil can not be replaced by other fertilizers. FERTILIZER CAIR Oganik fertilizer not only the solid form can be a liquid such as inorganic fertilizers. Liquid fertilizers seem easier utilized by the plants because the elements in it are loose and not in the amount of so much more quickly feel the benefits. Liquid fertilizer raw materials can be derived from the solid fertilizer with soaking treatment. After a few weeks and through several treatments, water immersion can already be used as liquid fertilizer. The use of liquid fertilizer can be easier and save energy. The advantage of liquid fertilizers, among others: * Processing will be faster accumulation * Its use and make the treatment so as to keep watering the soil moisture * Organic pesticide application with functions as spam prevention and eradication of plants. Types of green manure crops are often used for making liquid fertilizer such as leaves Johar, gamal, and lamtorogun Mulch (CLOSING OF LAND) Mulch or soil cover is very important and positive influence on soil and plants. In its role to increase soil fertility, the best mulch is mulch derived from agricultural wastes like rice straw, and weeds seresah, not plastic. In addition to its function to maintain soil moisture, after decomposing mulch will serve as organic fertilizer to improve soil structure and texture. Land that does not use mulch will easily eroded when the rain erkena or cracked if too much evaporation. As it is known that the erosion would worsen soil fertility and inhibit the growth and development of plants and crops to be easily collapsed. While soil conditions that will cracking a bad influence on plant roots form the root rupture. With mulch, rain that falls will sink down so that no surface flow occurs. Next to the evaporation of small, ground water remains available to plants. Because useful mulch to reduce evaporation, prevent erosion, maintain soil moisture, and as a source of nutrient enhancer after a green manure, crop land using mulch will be better than ever. Several types of fertilizers including organic fertilizers into are: Manure Manure is a solid and liquid waste from livestock mixed with the remnants of food or stable base. Function add manure nutrient elements both macro and micro into the soil. but it can enhance manure humus, improving soil structure and encourages soil micro-organism's life. Manure consists of two original components, ie solid and liquid with an average ratio of 3: 1. Table. Hara percentage levels in section of Solid and Liquid Fertilizer Sometimes Part of the total fertilizer N (%) P Total (%) K total (%) The manure solid 55 100 65 Liquid feces 45 bit 35 Total 100 100 100 However the average levels of nutrients contained in manure is extremely varied. This variation is caused by the kind or type of animal, age and condition of individual animals, type of food, materials and ways Amparan management and manure storage prior to use. Green manure Green manures are plants or plant parts of young embedded into the soil in order to add organic matter and nutrients, especially nitrogen into the soil. In terms of biochemical benefit from the use of green manure can be said that with the use of green manure is increasing soil organic matter stocks. In addition, potential crop-growing green manure influence on soil conservation as absorb nutrients, other than a green manure crop that serves as a cover crop (cover crop) and the example Centrosema sp Peuraria javanica. Soil biological properties Compost contains many microorganisms (fungi, aktinomicetes, bacteria and algae) which serves to further the process of decomposition of soil organic matter. With the addition of compost in the soil, not just millions of microorganisms that are added into the soil, but there are microorganisms in the soil are also encouraged to breed. Additionally the activity of microorganisms in the soil also produces growth hormones such as auksin, giberellin and cytokines that can stimulate the growth and development of the hair roots so that the search area of nutrient elements expanded. Fertilizer guano Guano is a deposit or sediment that consists of animal dung, bird droppings, especially the sea and the bats that have experienced natural influences in a relatively long time and has undergone dramatic changes. Nutrients contained therein are N and P and there are also elements of guano containing potassium (K). Acid humus (Humic Acid) Humus acid complexes are compounds derived from colloidal organic materials that are resistant to decomposition and cells of microorganisms that have been unraveled, formed at the end of advanced decomposition, brown or dark chocolate. Acid humus absorbs water has the ability to reach 80-90%, while the clay silicate only 15-20%, but it can also increase soil with good granulation and inside there are both macro nutrients and micro-and other trace minerals needed for plant growth. Humus acid addition also has the ability to bind vitamins and growth-regulating substances produced by soil microorganisms that are beneficial to higher plants, increase the cation exchange capacity (CEC), improvement of soil structure, encouraging the development of various groups of microbes and other beneficial on. If the reaction of the addition of organic materials to be perfect, will get simple compounds like water, air, and so on. When fresh organic material incorporated into the soil, compounds contained in organic materials such dilapuk simultaneously but with the speed of berrbeda different. Three common reactions that occur when organic tissue incorporated into the soil: · Organic waste through enzymatic oxidation with CO2, water and heat as the main outcome · Functional elements, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur and dibebaaskan or used by a series of specific reactions typical of each blink · Compounds are resistant to attack micro bodies will be formed either from compounds derived from the original organic material or micro bodies formed products. Increased soil porosity is determined by the size and solids that can improve soil aeration, water content, and determine the ratio of air and good governance is good water. The pores will form a network in the soil in the form of three-dimensional. The air in the soil pore space is generally dominated by the gases O2, N2, and CO2. This is important for respiratory soil microorganisms and plant roots, and affect the amount of aerobic and anaerobic microbial soil. Organic materials can be obtained from crop residues such as roots, stems, leaves of autumn, which returned to the ground. Organic materials is very large role in providing growth and development of media roots. Among the role of organic materials include: Keeping humidity · especially organic materials that have become humus with the ratio C / N levels of C 20 and 57% water can absorb 2-4 times its weight. Because the moisture content of the topsoil may be a buffer for the availability of water. Land that contains many organic materials Dapa store more water so that soil moisture will be maintained · Stabilizing the temperature of organic material can absorb heat which can be high but also because of the heat insulator has a thermal conductivity low. · Improving soil structure of the material properties of organic topsoil is loose. Low weight, high soil moisture and soil temperature stable increasing body of micro-ground activities, so that the mineral percampurannya to provide loose soil structure, and easy dioleh crumbs. Such soil structure is the physical condition of land good for plant growth media. Textured clay soil, sand, or a clot will provide physical properties better when mixed with organic materials. · Increasing the efficiency of fertilization fertilization with organic fertilizers will provide an additional amount of nutrients in the soil quickly. · Reduce erosion. Against the influence of Organic Materials Production Plant Organic material is a granular glue off and the main source of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur. Organic materials tend to increase the amount of water that can be held in the soil and the amount of water available to plants. Finally, the organic material is a source of energy for micro bodies. Without any organic material will stop the biochemical activities (Doeswono, 1983). These materials can be organic fertilizer, the process of change can occur naturally or artificially. Organic materials is an important ingredient in creating soil fertility, both in physics, chemistry and biology in terms of land. Organic material is the material aggregate pemantap a very good soil. and is a source of plant nutrients. Besides the organic material is the energy source of most soil organisms, Organic materials can be obtained from the residue sepert plant roots, stems, leaves, autumn, who returned to the ground. 5% but their influence on soil properties is huge. The function of organic matter are: · As Granulator, which improve soil structure. · Source of nutrient N, P, S, micro elements and others. · Adding the ability of land to hold water. · Adding the ability to withstand soil-nutrient elements (soil cation exchange capacity is high) · Source of energy for microorganisms. Organic materials is not absolutely necessary in the nutrition of plants, but for efficient plant nutrition, its role bole is not negotiable. Contribution of organic materials on plant growth is pengruhnya of physical properties, chemical and biological from the ground. They have a role in providing the chemical N, P and S for plant biological role in mikroflora influencing activity and microfauna organisms, and physical role in improving soil structure and others. Organic materials play a crucial role in the ground. For organic materials derived from plants that remained, containing nutrient elements needed for plant growth. Organic matter affects soil structure and tend to keep raising the desired physical condition. Land animals depend on organic materials for food and support the desired physical conditions by mixing the soil to form grooves. Since the second world war, there is a large increase in crop yields in some countries. The results of the larger plants, especially where only the seeds are harvested, the rest - more tanamna remainder is returned to the land and more here by the plant closure during the growing season. Immobilisasi is the opposite conversion. For example is the decision of ammonium or nitrate by plants or microorganisms and ditranformasikan into proteins. Furthermore, this alternating process - through the place. If the remnants of fresh plants were added to the soil, nitrogen in the plants that can be decomposed and termineralisasi by mikrrorganisme and immediately available to plants, or nitrogen may not termineralisasi and not available for plants. There are two possibilities that could happen. If all the factors that affect optimum decomposition (such as oksien, temperature and humidity), the limiting factor in the process of living ratio of organic carbon to total nitrogen in the plant. Embedding of fresh organic material with the ratio C / N is high, such as corn (40) and straw (80), which was immediately followed by the planting require additional nitrogen. Alternatively, when planting was delayed so that the decomposition further opportunity to progress past few days. Fresh organic material with the ratio C / N small, such as alfalfa and human waste, can be better and the land can be planted immediately. Ratio C / N most of the land near 10. Ratio C / N humus itself is 10. Land - the land, especially for seedlings, the ratio of C / N was high always require rapid nitrogen fertilizer available to nitrogen deficiency did not happen. 
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