Green manure plants

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Green manure plants

Green manure

tanaman Azolla Green manure is an organic fertilizer derived from plants or in the form of residual crop. This plant material can be immersed in the green or the time after composted.

The benefits of green manure:

Increasing the organic content and nutrients in the soil resulting in improved physical, chemical, and biological land, which in turn impact on increasing the productivity of soil erosion and soil resistance.

Source of green manure:

Source of green manure can be either the remnants of the plant (the remaining harvest) or plants grown specifically as a producer of green manure or derived from wild plants.

Plant species used as the preferred source of green manure legume species, because these plants contain a relatively high nutrients (especially N) compared with other crops, legume crops are also relatively easy to decompose so that the provision haranya be faster.

1. Remaining plants

Crop residues (waste harvest) is the most economical source of BO because this material is a byproduct of farming activities, so it does not cost money to purchase. Haranya content of crop residues, although relatively low, but because the total crop residues generated each harvest season a lot, so the total donated nutrients from each harvest season is no less compared legume types.

Table. Total nutrients contained in the remaining crops (except root)

Plant	Total nutrients in the rest of the plant except roots
	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	S
	Kg ha^-1
Nuts
Cowpea	25	2	21	17	8	6
Peanuts	7	5	59	60	17	16
Green Peas	35	3	54	18	9	7
Soybean	15	2	13	1	2	6
Long Bean	65	6	33	23	16	8
Cereals
Corn hybrids	45	7	58	7	12	6
Local maize	25	4	32	4	7	4
Superior rice	30	2	93	10	6	1
Local rice	15	2	49	5	3	1
Tubers
Cassava	61	5	41	42	11	6
Potato	39	8	46	9	4	5
Sweet potato	30	5	29	4	2	3

2. Hedge

One way to provide a source of green manure is by developing an alley cropping system, where green manure crops were planted as a hedge alternate with the main crop.

Hedge plants can produce a periodic basis; during the rainy season crops can be trimmed every two months. Applications alley cropping systems on sloping land, where the legume is planted in the same direction is very effective to suppress contour erosion.

In general, each legume crops can be used as a fence, but fence is more effective when plants satisfy the following properties:

- Rooted in order not to become a competitor for seasonal crops

- Fast growth and quickly sprout back after cutting

- Able to produce forage materials in large quantities and continuously which can be used as green manure

- Capable of improving the soil nitrogen content and other nutrient content.

Legume crops that can be used as a hedge:

Table. Production clipping (clipping the data in the second and third) some type of hedge

Type of plant fence	Results of fresh forage material	Resorce
Type of plant fence	Ton ha^-1year^-1	Resorce
Flemingia (Plemingia macrophylla)	4,7-26,2	Suganda et al., 1991 ; Haryati et al., 1991; Erfandi et al., 1988
Glirisidia (Gliricidia sepium)	2,9-9,2	Suganda et al., 1991
Lamtoro gung	1,3-2,9	Suganda et al., 1991; Kang et al., 1984
Lamtoro (Leucaena leucephala)	6,1-20	Erfandi et al., 1988
Thephrosia (Theprosia candida)	13,5	Haryati et al., 1991
Kaliandra (Calliandra callothyrsus)	4,3-22,8	Suganda et al., 1991; Erfandi et al., 1988
Sengon ( Paraserianthes falcataria)	1,5-1,6	Suganda et al., 1991

3. Ground cover plants

Cover crop is a plant that is grown on land not planted with major crops or crop plants grown along with the principal if the principal crops of annual plants.

Destination planting cover crops:

- Protecting the land from the destructive power of the rain beads

- Maintain / improve soil fertility

- Provide BO

- Represents land rehabilitation measures are inexpensive and easy to apply

4. Azolla

Azolla is one alternative N sources, especially for rice. Azolla is a mini size nail water which pemfiksasi Cyanobacteria symbiotic with N2.

5. Sesbania rostrata

Sesbania rostrata represents a potential legume crops as a source of N in paddy fields. This plant can grow in flooded conditions, and can form not only in root nodules but also on the stem. Therefore, this plant has the ability to tether the N is relatively high.

Reference: "Organic and Biological Fertilizer Fertilizer" by R & D, Bogor

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