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Mulai Oktober 2008
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| Standardization for Making Compost |
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By knowing that the quality of compost is influenced by the manufacturing process, while the composting process itself is influenced by moisture and C: N ratio of raw materials, hence to determine standardization of the compost is to make the standardization process of composting and compost standards of raw materials, in order to obtain compost have a certain standard. After a standard mixture of compost raw materials can be met is the ideal humidity of 50-60 percent and has a ratio of C / N materials 30: 1, still there are other things that should be kept during the composting process took place, which must be made to supervise: 1. Temperature 2. Humidity 3. Odor or aroma, and 4. pH Temperature Observations Temperature is one of the key indicators in making compost. Is the heat rises? How hot the temperature to be achieved? In how long the heat can be achieved? How long they may last summer? What is the meaning of these circumstances? Mixed materials such as what can affect the temperature profile? The heat generated as a byproduct of the process undertaken by the microbes to break down organic material. This temperature can be used to measure how well the composting system was working, besides that it also can know the extent to which decomposition has been running. As an illustration, if the compost temperature rises to 40 ° C - 50 ° C, it can be concluded that a mixture of compost raw materials contain enough Nitrogen and Carbon and contain enough water (just humidity) to support the growth of microorganisms. Temperature observation must be conducted using test equipment temperatures can reach deep into the compost pile. Wait until a few moments until the temperature stabilized. Then do it again in a different place. Do these observations in several locations, including at different depths of the compost pile. Compost can have bags that are hotter and cooler bags. Everything is very dependent on moisture content (humidity) and chemical composition of compost materials. Will be obtained a temperature gradient maps. By describing the graph of temperature and locations in line with increasing time, it can be explained: 1. How far the process of decomposition walk 2. How well does the composition of the mixture of raw materials 3. How mean mixture where the mixed and uneven section 4. Where do the normal flow of air circulation and where do less normal. From the information above, we can take a decision what steps should be taken to achieve the end result and get the compost with the desired quality. On a good composting process, the temperature of 40 ° C - 50 0C can be reached within 2-3 days. Then in the next few days the temperature will rise until the raw material discharged decomposed by microorganisms. From there then the temperature will drop. From the few times the process of making compost with Windrow system, using a mixture of compost raw materials consisting of cow manure, chicken manure, goat manure, rice bran and straw, changes in temperature reached 40 ° C - 50 ° C can be achieved within 3 (three) days . Therefore, reversal of compost made on day 4 (four). After the first reversal of the temperature will go down, then up again until it reaches 55 ° C - 60 ° C on day six. Therefore, the second reversal done again on day 6 (six) or three days after the first reversal after reversal of temperature will fall and rise again to 55 ° C - 60 ° C on day 9 (nine). On day 9 (nine) or 3 days After this reversal to the two made more reversal to 3 (three). If the exact composition of the mixture of raw materials, the temperature will be stable until day 12 (twelve) and so on, to then come down and stabilized at a certain temperature. On day 14 the compost pile can be opened for further cooled and then do filtering and packaging. Humidity Observations Making compost will run fine on a single state mixture of compost raw materials with moisture content of between 40-60 percent of its weight. At the state level lower moisture, microbial activity will slow down or stop altogether. In the state of higher humidity levels, the process is likely to anerobik, which would cause the stench. When the compost raw material is selected to then be mixed, moisture levels can be measured or estimated. After the composting process progresses, the measurement of moisture need not be repeated, but can be directly observed adequacy level of the water vapor content. If the composting process is running, and then came the stench, it can be ascertained compost contains excessive water content. Excess moisture has been filled pore space, thus blocking diffusion of oxygen through the compost material. This is what makes the situation becomes anaerobic. Mixing of raw materials at a discounted 40-10 cm, such as straw materials, pieces of wood, cardboard, sawdust, etc. can reduce this problem. Where do composting using aerated static pile system or systems in Vessel, be careful in adding air (oxygen), not to cause the compost to dry. Note the temperature indications are, if the temperature decreases more quickly than usual, then there is the possibility of compost is too dry. Observations odor / aroma If the composting process worked normally, it should not produce strong smelling (smell). However in making the compost will not be freed completely from the smell. By utilizing the senses of smell, can be used as a tool to detect problems that occur during the composting process. As an illustration, if the smell of ammonia, a mixture of compost material should be suspected of excess material containing the element nitrogen (ratio C / N too low). To fix this add the materials containing the C / N is high, such as: * Pieces of straw, or * Pieces of wood, or * Sawdust, or * Pieces of paper or cardboard and newspapers etc. If the stench, it may contain a mixture of compost is too much water. When this happens, do a reversal (in the Windrow system), add oxygen to the system Aerated Static Pile or In Vessel. PH observations Observation serves as an indicator of pH of compost decomposition process of compost. Compost microbes will work on the state of neutral pH to slightly acid soils with a pH range between 5.5 to 8. During the early stages of decomposition process, will form organic acids. These acidic conditions will encourage mold growth, and will decompose lignin and cellulose in the compost material. During the composting process progresses, these organic acids would be neutral and the compost to mature normally reach pH between 6-8. If anaerobic conditions develop during the process of composting, organic acids will accumulate. Provision of air or a reversal of compost will reduce this acidity. Addition of lime in the composting process is not recommended. Provision of lime (Calcium Carbonate, CaCO3) will cause loss of nitrogen that turned into Ammonia gas. This loss not only causes the smell, but also cause losses due to lead to loss of important nutrients, namely nitrogen. Nitrogen is certainly better then stored in the compost for later use by plants for growth. 
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